What Increases the Risk of Diabetic Foot Ulcer?

What Increases the Risk of Diabetic Foot Ulcer?

Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the most serious complications faced by people living with diabetes. These open sores or wounds often occur on the bottom of the foot and develop due to multiple factors related to nerve damage, poor blood circulation, and inadequate foot care. Understanding what increases the risk of diabetic foot ulcers can help in early prevention and proper management.

1. Presence of Calluses

A callus is thickened skin that forms on the hands or soles of the feet due to pressure or friction. While calluses may seem harmless, they can increase localized pressure on the foot, hiding underlying injuries that may lead to ulcers if not treated properly.

2. Peripheral Neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy is nerve damage caused by diabetes and other conditions. It reduces sensation in the feet, making it difficult to detect pain, cuts, or pressure points. As a result, small injuries can go unnoticed and develop into serious ulcers over time.

3. Foot Deformities

Foot deformities—such as bunions, hammertoes, or flat feet—cause uneven pressure distribution when walking. These abnormalities can lead to skin irritation, friction, and sores that increase the risk of ulcer formation.

4. Poor Circulation in Feet

Poor circulation reduces blood flow, limiting the oxygen and nutrients your feet need to heal wounds. Common symptoms include tingling, numbness, throbbing, pain, or muscle cramps. When healing slows down, even small cuts can turn into ulcers.

5. Improper Foot Care

Proper foot care is essential for people with diabetes. Neglecting to inspect your feet, trim nails correctly, or moisturize dry skin can cause unnoticed injuries. Over time, these small problems may develop into serious infections or ulcers.

6. Wearing Ill-Fitting Shoes

Ill-fitting shoes can cause blisters, corns, bunions, and ingrown toenails. Continuous rubbing or pressure from tight or loose shoes can damage the skin, creating an entry point for infection and increasing ulcer risk.

Prevention Is the Best Protection

Preventing diabetic foot ulcers begins with daily foot inspections, wearing comfortable and protective shoes, and seeking regular podiatric checkups. Managing blood sugar levels, maintaining good hygiene, and addressing any wounds early can greatly reduce the risk of complications.