An external water main refers to the essential infrastructure component responsible for the distribution of potable water from its source, such as a reservoir or treatment plant, to homes, businesses, and public facilities within a community. These mains consist of a network of underground pipes, valves, and hydrants designed to efficiently transport clean water across various distances and elevations. The external water main system plays a crucial role in providing reliable and safe drinking water to individuals and ensuring the functionality of firefighting systems. It is designed to withstand different pressures, accommodate varying water demands, and withstand environmental factors to ensure a continuous supply of water. Regular maintenance and monitoring of the external water main infrastructure are essential to identify and address any leaks or damages promptly. By delivering clean and accessible water to communities, the external water main contributes significantly to public health, sanitation, and overall quality of life.