The quality of integrated circuits can be determined by testing parameters such as pin resistance, pin voltage, and pin waveform. Pin resistance is one of the parameters that can indicate IC damage. IC pin resistance can be measured either online or offline.

Online resistance refers to the value measured when the integrated circuit and peripheral components (also called external components) are connected on a printed circuit board. The connection between the integrated circuit and peripheral components on the printed circuit board has a certain matching resistance value. Therefore, comparing the online resistance value with this standard parameter can reveal IC damage. Offline resistance refers to testing the resistance of bare chips that are not placed in an application circuit.

The disadvantage is that the integrated circuit must be removed from the printed circuit board before testing between pins or between each pin and the ground pin. Offline resistance values also need to be compared with standard off-line resistance values. If there is a significant difference, analysis is required before a judgment can be made. IC pin resistance is generally tested with an analog multimeter. If the IC pins are linear, the values will generally be the same across all multimeter models. However, for nonlinear pins, the values may vary significantly between different multimeters. Testing pin voltage is one parameter that can indicate whether an integrated circuit (IC) is damaged. IC pin voltage is a DC voltage, which can be categorized as voltage under different conditions, such as signal voltage and no signal voltage.

The pin voltage values for different ICs in different products may or may not be the same. However, it is impossible for all pin voltages to be identical: the pin voltages of the same IC in different products may or may not be the same. However, if the test instrument, instrument settings, and IC application circuit conditions are the same or similar, the measured voltage values will not vary significantly. Furthermore, when measuring voltage, it is important to pay attention to the IC pin voltage unit. The pin waveform refers to the value of the IC at a specific moment in its application.