A galvanic cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Its operating principle is based on redox reactions. For a galvanic cell to function effectively, a series of conditions must be met. The following is a detailed explanation of these conditions:

1. Two Electrodes with Different Reactivity
A galvanic cell's two electrodes must have different chemical reactivities. Typically, one electrode (the negative electrode) is more reactive and readily gives up electrons, undergoing an oxidation reaction; the other electrode (the positive electrode) is less reactive and readily accepts electrons, undergoing a reduction reaction. These different reactivities form the basis for the potential difference generated in the galvanic cell. This potential difference drives electrons from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, generating an electric current.

2. Spontaneous Redox Reactions
The chemical reactions in a galvanic cell must be spontaneous redox reactions. This means that the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) must be negative to ensure the reaction proceeds naturally. In this reaction, the negative electrode material loses electrons and the positive electrode material gains electrons. This electron transfer is key to generating an electric current.

3. Presence of an Electrolyte
The electrolyte is an essential component of a galvanic cell, allowing ions to move between the electrodes, thus completing the circuit. Electrolytes can be liquids, such as aqueous solutions of acids, bases, or salts, or solids, such as the solid electrolytes found in some types of batteries. Cations in the electrolyte migrate toward the positive electrode, and anions migrate toward the negative electrode, maintaining charge balance.

4. Closed Circuit
A galvanic cell must form a closed circuit to allow the flow of electrons. This means that electrons flow from the negative electrode through an external circuit to the positive electrode. This closed circuit includes not only the electrodes and electrolyte, but also the wires connecting the electrodes and any external loads (such as electrical appliances).
Additional Requirements
In addition to the basic requirements listed above, there are several additional requirements that can affect the performance and efficiency of a galvanic cell:

5. Electrode Material Stability
The electrode material must remain stable during battery operation, resisting corrosion or structural changes. This helps improve the battery's lifespan and reliability.

6. Electrolyte Conductivity
The electrolyte's conductivity directly affects battery performance. A highly conductive electrolyte reduces the battery's internal resistance and increases current output.

7. Electrode Surface Area
A larger electrode surface area provides greater contact area with the electrolyte, which helps improve reaction rates and battery performance.

8. Battery Design
Battery design, including the shape and size of the electrodes and the distance between them, affects battery performance. Good design optimizes the flow paths of electrons and ions, improving efficiency.

9. Environmental Conditions
Environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pressure also affect the performance of primary cells. For example, high temperatures may increase the rate of certain chemical reactions, but they may also cause material degradation.

10. Safety
Primary cell design must also consider safety to avoid operational hazards such as overheating, leakage, or explosion.

Conclusion
The structural conditions of a primary cell are fundamental to its effective operation. From the differences in electrode activity to the establishment of a closed circuit, each condition has a significant impact on battery performance and safety. A thorough understanding of these conditions can help design and optimize more efficient, safer, and more environmentally friendly battery systems.