Roughing is a term used in manufacturing and machining processes, particularly in milling and turning, which involves removing large amounts of material from a workpiece to achieve the desired shape or finish. Roughing is typically done at the beginning of the manufacturing process, and it can help reduce the amount of time and energy needed to achieve the final product by removing excess material quickly and efficiently. It is often done using specialized cutting tools, such as roughing end mills or inserts, which are designed to withstand the high forces and stresses of the roughing process.