| Parameter | Description | Value |
|---|---|---|
| Device | 8-bit Microcontroller | ATMEGA8L-8PU |
| Architecture | AVR | 8-bit |
| Package Type | PDIP | 28-pin |
| Operating Voltage (V) | VCC Supply Voltage Range | 2.7 - 5.5 V |
| Clock Speed | Maximum Clock Frequency | 8 MHz |
| Flash Memory | Program Memory Size | 8 KB |
| EEPROM | EEPROM Size | 512 bytes |
| SRAM | SRAM Size | 1 KB |
| Programmable I/O Lines | Number of Programmable I/O Lines | 23 |
| Timers/Counters | Number of Timers/Counters | 3 (2 x 8-bit, 1 x 16-bit) |
| Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) | Number of ADC Channels | 6 (10-bit resolution) |
| Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI) | Number of SCI Interfaces | 1 (USART) |
| Interrupts | Number of Interrupt Sources | 21 |
| Power Consumption | Active Mode Power Consumption at 8 MHz, 3.0 V | 4.5 mA |
| Sleep Modes | Available Sleep Modes | Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-down, Power-save, Standby |
| Programming Interface | In-System Programming (ISP), High-Voltage Serial Programming (HVSP), Parallel Programming (PP) | - |
| Operating Temperature | Operating Temperature Range | -40°C to +85°C |
| Storage Temperature | Storage Temperature Range | -55°C to +150°C |
| Humidity | Relative Humidity Range | 0% to 95% (non-condensing) |
Instructions for Use:
Power Supply:
- Ensure the supply voltage (VCC) is within the range of 2.7 V to 5.5 V.
- Connect a decoupling capacitor (0.1 μF) close to the VCC pin to reduce noise.
Clock Configuration:
- The ATMEGA8L-8PU can be configured to use an external crystal, ceramic resonator, or internal RC oscillator.
- For an external crystal, connect it to the XTAL1 and XTAL2 pins.
Programming:
- Use an ISP programmer to program the microcontroller.
- Connect the programmer to the ISP header (MISO, MOSI, SCK, RESET, VCC, GND).
Reset Pin:
- The RESET pin must be pulled high to keep the microcontroller active.
- A pull-up resistor (10 kΩ) is recommended on the RESET pin.
Analog Inputs:
- Configure the ADC channels by setting the appropriate registers (ADMUX, ADCSRA).
- Ensure the analog reference voltage (AREF) is set correctly for accurate conversions.
Digital I/O:
- Configure the direction of I/O pins using the DDRx registers.
- Set or clear I/O pins using the PORTx registers.
Timers and Counters:
- Configure the timers using the TCCRnA, TCCRnB, and TCNTn registers.
- Use the OCRnA and OCRnB registers for PWM output or compare match events.
USART:
- Configure the USART using the UCSRnA, UCSRnB, and UBRRn registers.
- Set the baud rate and frame format as required.
Interrupts:
- Enable interrupts globally by setting the I bit in the SREG register.
- Enable specific interrupts by setting the corresponding bits in the relevant control registers.
Low-Power Modes:
- Enter low-power modes by setting the appropriate bits in the MCUCR register.
- Use the sleep instruction to put the microcontroller into sleep mode.
Debugging:
- Use the debugWIRE interface for in-circuit debugging.
- Connect the debugWIRE pin to a debugger that supports this interface.
Storage and Handling:
- Store the microcontroller in a dry environment to prevent moisture damage.
- Handle with care to avoid static discharge, which can damage the device.
