Historical Events Related to Transistors
IBM will unveil details of its new transistor design at the International Electron Devices Meeting in San Francisco in December, with production commencing in 2005-2006. Its 210GHz transistor was launched in June 2001, and related chips were available in late 2003 or early 2004.

On February 22, 2005, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation jointly issued the "Notice on Tax Incentives for Supporting the Development of the Thin Film Transistor Display Industry," implementing a series of tax incentives for LCD manufacturers, including exemption from import duties on some raw materials, import duties and value-added tax on some production equipment, and shortening the depreciation period for production equipment.

Experts believe that the lowest price floor for each transistor occurred between 2003 and 2005. From an economic perspective, there is no need to make transistors smaller.

By 2005, chips will contain billions of transistors, and frequencies will reach several gigahertz.
Products using the new TeraHertz transistor architecture are expected to be launched in 2005. By 2005, when 200 million transistors were integrated onto a chip, it would get as hot as a nuclear reactor. By 2010, the chip temperature would reach the level of the high-temperature gas nozzles used in rocket launches, and by 2015, the chip would be as hot as the surface of the sun.

In 2005, the company shifted its R&D focus to liquid crystal glass shells and jointly invested nearly 2.2 billion yuan with Zhengzhou Construction Investment Corporation to launch a thin-film transistor liquid crystal display device glass substrate production line project.

It was projected that by 2004, Hitel would be able to launch chips capable of etching 500 million transistors onto new 300mm (approximately 12-inch) diameter wafers (wafer sizes typically double every ten years).

For example, the 90nm process, put into application in 2004, had a half-pitch of 90nm and a physical gate length of 37nm for the transistors.

By 2004, the industry had already adopted ultra-thin SOI wafers to launch high-speed CMOS circuits with 100 million transistors at a thickness of 0.1μm.

With the influx of investment from Taiwan, TFT-LCDs have become the next focus of new industrial investment in my country. In the next two years, Taiwan's investment in the large-scale thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) industry will reach nearly NT0 billion. According to estimates from the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), this could generate an annual output value of NT0 billion by 2003, becoming another key industry driving Taiwan's economic growth after the semiconductor industry.

The 90nm process used in 2003 saw some changes. In addition to shortening the line length and gate length, strained silicon (SSI) was introduced into transistors for the first time to solve the problem of current path within the transistor.

Statistics show that the number of transistors per chip in 2003 increased by 1 billion times compared to 1963.

Barton: In the second half of 2002, AMD will release the Barton core processor, which uses SOI (silicon-on-in-silicon) transistor architecture.

As a result, starting January 1, 2002, my country implemented zero tariffs on 122 major information technology products across 122 tariff categories, including mobile communication base stations, mobile communication switches, large, medium, and small computers, inkjet and laser printers, fax machines, resistors, potentiometers, transistors, and integrated circuits. These accounted for approximately 49% of the total 251 tariff categories of information technology products in my country.

Since 2002, demand for color super-vector twisted thin-film transistor (TFT) LCDs has surged in markets outside of Japan.

In accordance with China's commitments under the World Trade Organization's Agreement on Information Technology Products, in 2002, China implemented zero tariffs on 122 major information technology products across 122 tariff categories, including mobile communication base stations, mobile communication switches, large, medium, and small computers, inkjet and laser printers, fax machines, resistors, potentiometers, transistors, and integrated circuits.

At the Microprocessor Forum held in Silicon Valley on September 15, 2002, Intel Corporation, the world's leading chip manufacturer, announced that it would launch a computer chip integrating 1 billion transistors and operating at speeds up to 6GHz in 2007, ushering in the era of 1 billion transistors and proving the enduring validity of Moore's Law.

In May 2002, IBM developed carbon nanotube transistors with speeds far exceeding those of the most advanced silicon transistors at the time, further accelerating the practical application process.

Between the end of 2001 and the beginning of 2002, Intel's entire product line transitioned to 0.13-micron packaging technology, employing 70-nanometer transistor manufacturing technology.

On September 25, 2001, SMIC (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., with an investment of US .48 billion, held a production launch ceremony for its first 8-inch chip with a linewidth of less than 0.25 micrometers (the shorter the linewidth, the more transistors can be arranged on the same chip, indicating a higher level of technology) in the Zhangjiang High-Tech Park in Shanghai.

In 2001, Bell Labs invented the world's first molecular-level transistor, marking another scientific milestone after the transistor invented in 1947, which ushered in a new era of communication and technology.

On July 18, 2001, the Qingdao Transistor Laboratory pioneered the reform of research institutes in Qingdao: 130 employees invested 1 million yuan to buy out the laboratory, which had been operating under a state-owned system for 35 years.

In June 2001, IBM announced that a single silicon-germanium transistor had reached an operating frequency of 210 GHz and an operating current of 1 mA, representing an 80% increase in speed and a 50% reduction in power consumption compared to the previous generation of silicon-germanium transistors. In 2001, Avouris et al. successfully fabricated the world's first carbon nanotube transistor array, 1451, using this method.

In April 2001, IBM announced the world's first carbon nanotube transistor array, thus bringing the ideal of a "molecular computer" closer to reality.

In April 2001, IBM announced the world's first carbon nanotube transistor array, thus bringing the ideal of a "molecular computer" closer to reality.

In 2000, Intel launched the Pentium 4 processor, running at speeds up to 1.5 GHz, integrating 42 million transistors, and capable of 1.5 billion operations per second.

In November 2000, the Pentium 4 processor, containing 42 million transistors, was born, its remarkable innovation ushering in the 7th generation of processor technology.

In December 2000, Intel became the first company in the industry to develop a single transistor with a gate length of 30nm; in June 2001, Intel improved this record to 20nm; and on November 26th of the same year, Intel announced the development of a new transistor with a gate length of only 15nm, while the actual operating frequency of a single transistor could reach 2.63THz.

By 2000, the productivity of each design engineer creating a new design was 2683 transistors per week, while the productivity of designing using IP was approximately 30,000 transistors per week, a significant increase in efficiency. IP reuse can be considered a crucial factor in productivity.

Meanwhile, millimeter-wave power transistors were likely to move to small-batch pilot production around 2000.

It was projected that by around 2000, there would be 1G DRAM and monolithic systems containing 50 billion transistors globally.

In early 2000, Bell Labs in the United States developed a 50 nm oriented transistor. This transistor is built on the surface of a chip, allowing current to flow vertically. It has a gate on each of its two opposite sides, thus improving processing speed.

For example, in 2000, more than half of the .88 billion worth of electromechanical products imported by China from Malaysia consisted of cathode ray tubes, transistors, and integrated circuits.

With the production of the first batch of TFT-LCD color liquid crystal displays in September 1999, the history of mainland China's inability to produce thin-film transistor color liquid crystal displays came to an end.

As early as 1999, Fujitsu invested 0 million to build a factory on Honshu Island capable of producing ultra-thin transistors. These paper-thin transistors were used to manufacture flexible, rollable plastic liquid crystals.

In early 1999, transistor transponders began to be used at all high-altitude monitoring stations across the country.

In 1998, Fejon Avuris of IBM's Thomas Watson Research Center and Seth Decker of Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands confirmed that individual carbon nanotubes could function as transistors.

Since carbon nanotubes were applied to the fabrication of room-temperature field-effect transistors in 1998, research on the fabrication of nanoscale molecular devices using carbon nanotubes has made significant progress.

According to a report in the *Science and Technology Daily* on February 26, 1998, Sandia National Laboratories in the United States manufactured a quantum transistor prototype based on the fundamental principles of quantum physics, effectively solving the process problems of mass production.

In March 1998, Intel Corporation produced an integrated circuit chip containing 70.2 billion transistors. This demonstrated that the integration density, a key indicator of microelectronics technology, had increased 70 million times in less than 40 years.

In 1997, the Pentium processor containing 7.5 million transistors was released.

In 1997, Intel launched the Pentium processor containing 7.5 million transistors. This new product integrated Intel MMX media enhancement technology and was specifically designed for efficient processing of video, audio, and graphics data.

In 1997, Intel launched the Pentium processor, containing 7.5 million transistors and integrating Intel MMX media enhancement technology, specifically designed for efficient processing of video, audio, and graphics data.

In 1997, Intel launched the Pentium processor, containing 7.5 million transistors.

In 1997, the productivity of each design engineer working on a new design was 1100 transistors per week, while the productivity of designing using IP modules was 2100 transistors per week.

We prototyped a transistor amplifier with high input impedance and tested it at the main station on July 29, 1997. The result was the activation of the channel to the Zhoubang station, with uninterrupted communication for several days.

Another breakthrough in microprocessor technology was the innovation in chip manufacturing technology. On September 22, 1997, IBM announced a new process for manufacturing transistors using copper instead of aluminum, making electronic circuits smaller, faster, and more efficient.

In September 1997, IBM announced the successful development of a new copper-to-aluminum transistor manufacturing process. Since 1997, through the joint efforts of manufacturers, users, and relevant departments, most provincial radio stations across the country have adopted transistor transponders.

The transistor construction project, initiated at the end of 1995, saw its first batch of products successfully tested in June 1996.

In 1995, the factory installed two single-chamber transistor high-voltage electrostatic precipitators for use in two ball mills for finished products.

On November 9, 1995, modifications were first made to the excitation device of one of the transistors.

Sony, having mastered core expertise in transistors in 1995, produced its first-generation transistor radio. Small in size and priced at only .95 per unit, it achieved high quality at a low price, quickly capturing the global market.

In early 1994, LSI Corporation of the United States successfully developed a logic chip with an integration density of 9 million transistors and a voltage of 3V at 0.5μm.

Panasonic Corporation of Japan was the first to use surface mount technology (SMT) to fabricate 10nm high-quality silicon quantum wires. In 1994, at the International Nanoengineering Conference held in Switzerland, they first demonstrated transistor cell circuits fabricated using STM probes.